Hawser.



PATENTED JULY 10, 1906.

No. 825,748. C. W. H. MHLSTEPHAN, JR.

HAWSER. APPLICATION FILED AUG.7.1905. I

Zyl 'z e J d e df J/zz/f/z fr STATES HAWSEF?.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented July 10, 1906.

Application llecl August 7, 1905. Serial No. 27,153.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, CARL WiLneLM HEIN- Rion MHLSTEPHAN, Jr., a subject ofthe German Emperor, and a resident of Magdeburg, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hawsers and the Lilie, of which the following is a specification.

The object of the present invention is a cable-laid three-stranded compound hawser without core, each strand being formed ol steel wire and hemp threads, (cable-yarn,) the said hawser mainly intended for use as a tow-rope or for other maritime uses. As is known, the hempen ropes and cables hitherto employed. for this purpose are now being displaced to an increasing extent by steelwire ropes and cables, and this for various reasons. ln spite of all advantages, however, steel-wire tow-lines present the defect oi' lack of extension in the direction of their length. Totliis fact the frequent rn ture of even very large tow-lines ils attributa le.

li one ship is towing another in a rough sea by ineans of an ordinary steel cable, this latter will ol' course be subyected to widelyvarying strains, as sometimes the cable may he quite slack and at other tiines strained to the utmost. These strains occurring in towing as a result of Winds, waves, steering, or the like, which are usually very sudden and severe, generally result in ru ture or sna ping of wire cables, because tliey are unable to stretch sufficiently in the longitudinal directionthat is to say, to take the strain yieldingly, and thereby diminish its ell'ect.

The purpose ol the present invention is to obviate the del'ect referred to, and this object is attained by forming a cable-laid coinpound tow-line or liawser ol' steel wire and hemp or other vegetable fibers (yarns) coinprising three strands or members and without core, the separate strands of which consist of wire ropes composed of a number of strands which are other vegetable (ibi s. Compound ropes of lf' id combine tls advantages of wire catliose olE1 upon caliles--tliat is to Iscnt great strength they 'liciciii'lyn ingoi'clastic. 'the invention is illustrated in the accomiig draii'ing, a portion of a compound orincd in accordance therewith bern in elevation. Fi`he ciids ol the ...ila-rs are shown separate and partially i, while they' Tricascd in lienipen orl freed from the hempen casing, the Wire by way of example only, a number of sepa- 6o rate wires o are iirst of a l formed into strands b without a hein core. A number of such strands (seven, or example) are then laid without a hemp core, so as to form massive wire ropes c, which are secured from untwist- 6 5- ing by means of seizings c. These massive wire ropes c are then s irally incased with a layer, or preferably a ouble layer, of tarred hem yarn (cable-yarn) d to form strands A.

Fina ly three such strands A are formed by 7o circular laying without the use of a core into a compound cable or"hawser B. The wire I seizing A (shown upon the cable in the drawing) prevents the untwi'sting of the cable B.

The novel compound cable or hawser B is therefore a three-stranded hawser of longrawn and spiral-cable lay without a core, and each strand or member A ofthis hawser B is a massive wire rope c of the usual construction with hemp or th'e like casing d, the 80 separate hemp yarns l ing in the known arrangement o a sing e-laid hem en towrope-that is to say, spirally aroun the wire rope. The entire advantage of this compound tow rope or hawser as compared with those of ordinary construction is obtained by the cable-yarn casing d of the wire ropes c and the absence of the cores. While in ordinary wire ropes the separate `strands are laid ier-that is to say, lie closely 1n 9c closely togct or against cach other-so that any extension of the wire rope is practically impossible, the present hawser will extend under heavy strains, because the wire rop'es c compress the intermediate elastic hemp layers d, which thus give lengthwise, so that the hawser as awhole presents a certain elasticity in the direction of its length. A further advantage oll the novel liawser is diie to the fact that the liner wires a of the wire strands b and wire roo ropes c are cil'ectivcl y protected by the cableyarn casing d from injury and from the action oi the weather and sca-water. In addition to its great strength, however, the flexibility of the novel hawser is also very much greater owing to the arrangement adopted and the comhnnition ol' wire ropes and hemp yarn.

ii' a hawser constructed in accordance with the present invention is used for towing ey l being provided with a hollow-laid sheath of shi it will stretch according to the amountvegetable fibers surrounding,l the strand, suban duration of the strain, :is the hempeni stantially asund for thepurpose set forth.

easings which are thereby compressed to a greater or less extent permit of this. Sudden strains are therefore taken up elastieally I andere. correspondinglyY weakened. If the strain diminishes, the hawser shortens or oontraets 1n consequence of the spiral laying of the wire ropes and the giving of the hemlp arn easingthat is to say, as a result of t 1e ongtudinal elasticity back to its original length.

Having fully described my invention, what l claim, and desire to see-ure by Letters Patent,is-

. l. A three-stranded compound hen/serenble laid without core, the separate strands of which are composed of multist'rended `eoreless Wire ropes, eaeh strand ot seid hawser 2, A three-strunded compound huwser efible laid Without core, composed of three solid'- Wire ropes laid without a hempen core, each solid-wire rope being composed of a plurality of wire strands laid together without erv hempen core, each wire strand being oomposed of a plurality of Wires twisted together, sind each of the said three solid-wire ropes being provided with a wrapping of a large numher of hem en cable-yarns laid up left handed into a hol ow strand around the said solid- Wire rope, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

CARL WILHELM llElNRlLll MULSTEPHAN, JR. -Witnesses ERWIN SCHNEIDER, KARL FRIEBREER HANDELMANN 

